Carlisle

Scotland

History

Luguvalium -- Ancient Carlisle

Luguvalium (Luguvalium Carvetiorum) was a town in the Roman province of Britannia and capital of the late Roman province of Valentia. Today it is known as Carlisle, located in the English county of Cumbria (formerly in Cumberland).

Before the Roman Empire

Limited Iron Age occupation of the site presumably represents the Brythonic settlement of Luguvalion. The name means 'the strong place of Luguwalos' (Luguwalos is believed to be the personal name derived from the Celtic deity, Lugus). Or a proper name of a Celtic noble of the local Carvetii tribe. Luguvalium is the Latin form.

Arrival of the Roman Legions

Around AD 72, the Romans built a timber fort on the site. Following its demolition around AD 103, a second timber fort was built. About AD 165 the fort was replaced by a stone fort. Timber structures further to the south-east were probably associated military buildings. These were later replaced in stone. When the civilian settlement in this area was enclosed by a stone wall is unknown, but it is generally assumed to have followed the line of the later medieval wall. The town probably became the civitas capital of the Carvetii tribe some time in the 2nd century. A single large stone building has been located which may have been for administrative use. Industry included copper working and tanning, while merchant traders were also in evidence. Inscriptions show there was a Mithraeum in the town and possibly a temple to Mars.

Population

• -- City (75,306) - 2011 census

Cemeteries

• -- <<Carlisle Cemetery>>
• -- <<Upperby Cemetery>>

Curse of Carlisle

The Curse of Carlisle is a 16th-century curse that was first invoked by Archbishop Dunbar of Glasgow in 1525 against cross-border families, known as the Border Reivers, who lived by stealing cattle and pillage. The curse was not directly aimed at Carlisle or its people so it seems illogical that it should be called the Carlisle Curse. It is likely that the whole thing was whipped up by a cynical press. For the millennium celebrations, the local council commissioned a 14-tonne granite artwork inscribed with all 1,069 words of the curse.

In 1998 some Christians, among other projects, began campaigning to prevent the city of Carlisle from installing the stone. In the wake of this controversy, a minority prone to superstition whipped up a furor about the stone. They blamed a number of the city's setbacks on the curse stone, including an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease, a flood, various crimes, rising unemployment statistics and even the fate of Carlisle United, which was relegated out of its league. Most Carlisle and Cumbria citizens attached no credibility to this notion[citation needed]. The City Council shared their skepticism.

In March 2005, Liberal Democrat city councilor Jim Tootle, on the request of a Christian citizen, proposed the stone either be moved outside the city boundaries or destroyed altogether. Kevin Carlyon, the self-titled "high priest of the British white witches" and the "Living God of all Witches" but only in his own and very singular opinion, proclaimed that such actions would give the curse more power. He commented that: "A curse can only work if people believe in it. I think at the moment the sculpture is a nice piece of history, but if the council destroys it, they would be showing their belief in the curse." A council meeting on 8 March 2005 rejected Tootle's proposal, a move welcomed by council leader Mike Mitchelson, who had earlier questioned whether moving the stone was a good use of council funds.

Fortifications

• -- Carlisle Castle --