L'Ossuaire Municipal de Paris - Revision history

Bruce: /* Les Créatures des Carrières: Nosferatu of Paris */

2016-06-14T23:18:37Z

Les Créatures des Carrières: Nosferatu of Paris

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:18, 14 June 2016
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	== Les Créatures des Carrières: Nosferatu of Paris ==		== Les Créatures des Carrières: Nosferatu of Paris ==
			* -- [[The Hideous of Paris]]
			<br>
			<br>

	=== Websites ===		=== Websites ===

Bruce: /* E.R.I.C: The Tomb Cops */

2016-06-14T23:17:04Z

E.R.I.C: The Tomb Cops

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:17, 14 June 2016
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	=== E.R.I.C: The Tomb Cops ===		=== E.R.I.C: The Tomb Cops ===



			== Les Créatures des Carrières: Nosferatu of Paris ==

	=== Websites ===		=== Websites ===

Bruce: /* Websites */

2016-06-14T20:49:24Z

Websites

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:49, 14 June 2016
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	=== Websites ===		=== Websites ===
			http://www.catacombes.paris.fr/en/homepage-catacombs-official-website

			http://www.parismusees.paris.fr/en

			https://www.pdf-maps.com/maps/105662/paris-underground/

	http://www.catasphere.fr/ -- Paris by Night		http://www.catasphere.fr/ -- Paris by Night

Bruce: /* Des événements étranges: Catacomb related Events */

2016-06-14T20:25:06Z

Des événements étranges: Catacomb related Events

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:25, 14 June 2016
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	* In 2015, Airbnb paid €350,000 as part of a publicity stunt offering customers the chance to stay overnight in the Catacombs.		* In 2015, Airbnb paid €350,000 as part of a publicity stunt offering customers the chance to stay overnight in the Catacombs.

			== Les pièges: Unstable Ground ==
			Although the catacombs offered space to bury the dead, they presented disadvantages to building structures; because the catacombs are directly under the Paris streets, large foundations cannot be built and cave-ins have destroyed buildings. For this reason, there are few tall buildings in this area.

	== The Entrance ==		== The Entrance ==

Bruce: /* Visitation avec les morts: Touring the Catacombs */

2016-06-14T20:22:49Z

Visitation avec les morts: Touring the Catacombs

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:22, 14 June 2016
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	Beyond begin the halls and caverns of walls of carefully arranged bones. Some of the arrangements are almost artistic in nature, such as a heart-shaped outline in one wall formed with skulls embedded in surrounding tibias; another is a round room whose central pillar is also a carefully created "keg" bone arrangement. Along the way one would find other "monuments" created in the years before catacomb renovations, such as a source-gathering fountain baptised "La Samaritaine" because of later-added engravings. There are also rusty gates blocking passages leading to other "unvisitable" parts of the catacombs – many of these are either un-renovated or were too un-navigable for regular tours.		Beyond begin the halls and caverns of walls of carefully arranged bones. Some of the arrangements are almost artistic in nature, such as a heart-shaped outline in one wall formed with skulls embedded in surrounding tibias; another is a round room whose central pillar is also a carefully created "keg" bone arrangement. Along the way one would find other "monuments" created in the years before catacomb renovations, such as a source-gathering fountain baptised "La Samaritaine" because of later-added engravings. There are also rusty gates blocking passages leading to other "unvisitable" parts of the catacombs – many of these are either un-renovated or were too un-navigable for regular tours.

			== Des événements étranges: Catacomb related Events ==
			* Bodies of the dead from the riots in the Place de Grève, the Hôtel de Brienne, and Rue Meslée were put in the catacombs on 28 and 29 August 1788.

			* The tomb of the Val-de-Grâce hospital doorkeeper, Philibert Aspairt, lost in the catacombs in 1793 and found 11 years later, is located in the catacombs on the spot where his body was found.

			* In 1871, communards killed a group of monarchists there.

			* During World War II, Parisian members of the French Resistance used the tunnel system.

			* The Nazis established an underground bunker below Lycée Montaigne, a high school in the 6th arrondissement.

			* In 2004, police discovered a fully equipped movie theater in one of the caverns. It was equipped with a giant cinema screen, seats for the audience, projection equipment, film reels of recent thrillers and film noir classics, a fully stocked bar, and a complete restaurant with tables and chairs. The source of its electrical power and the identity of those responsible remain unknown.

			* In 2015, Airbnb paid €350,000 as part of a publicity stunt offering customers the chance to stay overnight in the Catacombs.

	== The Entrance ==		== The Entrance ==

Bruce: /* Le Mars des Morts: The Ossuary is Established */

2016-06-14T20:01:08Z

Le Mars des Morts: The Ossuary is Established

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:01, 14 June 2016
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	The undermined state of the Left Bank was known to architects as early as the early 17th-century construction of the Val-de-Grâce hospital (most of its building expenses were sunk into its foundations), but a series of mine cave-ins beginning in 1774 with the collapse of a house along the "rue d'Enfer" (near today's crossing of the Avenue Denfert-Rochereau and the boulevard Saint-Michel) led King Louis XVI to name a commission to investigate the state of the Parisian underground. This led to the creation of the inspection Générale des Carrières (Inspection of Mines) service.		The undermined state of the Left Bank was known to architects as early as the early 17th-century construction of the Val-de-Grâce hospital (most of its building expenses were sunk into its foundations), but a series of mine cave-ins beginning in 1774 with the collapse of a house along the "rue d'Enfer" (near today's crossing of the Avenue Denfert-Rochereau and the boulevard Saint-Michel) led King Louis XVI to name a commission to investigate the state of the Parisian underground. This led to the creation of the inspection Générale des Carrières (Inspection of Mines) service.

	== Le Mars des Morts: The Ossuary is Established ==		=== Le Mars des Morts: The Ossuary is Established ===
	The need to eliminate Les Innocents gained urgency from May 30, 1780, when a basement wall in a property adjoining the cemetery gave way under the weight of the mass grave behind it. The cemetery was closed to the public and all ''"intra muros"'' (Latin: "within the city walls") burials were forbidden after 1780. The problem of what to do with the remains crowding ''"intra muros"'' cemeteries was still unresolved.		The need to eliminate Les Innocents gained urgency from May 30, 1780, when a basement wall in a property adjoining the cemetery gave way under the weight of the mass grave behind it. The cemetery was closed to the public and all ''"intra muros"'' (Latin: "within the city walls") burials were forbidden after 1780. The problem of what to do with the remains crowding ''"intra muros"'' cemeteries was still unresolved.

Bruce: /* Pour réorganiser les os: The Renovations of 1810 */

2016-06-14T20:00:20Z

Pour réorganiser les os: The Renovations of 1810

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:00, 14 June 2016
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	Cemeteries whose remains were moved to the Catacombs include Saints-Innocents (the largest by far with about 2 million buried over 600 years of operation), Saint-Étienne-des-Grès (one of the oldest), Madeleine Cemetery, Errancis Cemetery (used for the victims of the French Revolution), and Notre-Dame-des-Blancs-Manteaux.		Cemeteries whose remains were moved to the Catacombs include Saints-Innocents (the largest by far with about 2 million buried over 600 years of operation), Saint-Étienne-des-Grès (one of the oldest), Madeleine Cemetery, Errancis Cemetery (used for the victims of the French Revolution), and Notre-Dame-des-Blancs-Manteaux.

	== Pour réorganiser les os: The Renovations of 1810 ==		=== Pour réorganiser les os: The Renovations of 1810 ===
	The catacombs in their first years were an unorganised bone repository, but Louis-Étienne Héricart de Thury, head of the Paris Mine Inspection Service from 1810, undertook renovations that would transform the underground caverns into a visitable mausoleum. In addition to directing the stacking of skulls and femurs into the patterns seen in the catacombs today, he used the cemetery decorations he could find (formerly stored on the Tombe-Issoire property, many had disappeared following the 1789 Revolution) to complement the walls of bones. Also created were a room dedicated to the display of the various minerals found under Paris, and another showing various skeletal deformities found during the catacombs' creation and renovation. He also added monumental tablets and archways bearing inscriptions (that some found of questionable taste) that were warnings, descriptions or "poetic light" about the nature of the ossuary, and, for the safety of eventual visitors, it was walled from the rest of the Paris Left Bank already-extensive underground tunnel network.		The catacombs in their first years were an unorganised bone repository, but Louis-Étienne Héricart de Thury, head of the Paris Mine Inspection Service from 1810, undertook renovations that would transform the underground caverns into a visitable mausoleum. In addition to directing the stacking of skulls and femurs into the patterns seen in the catacombs today, he used the cemetery decorations he could find (formerly stored on the Tombe-Issoire property, many had disappeared following the 1789 Revolution) to complement the walls of bones. Also created were a room dedicated to the display of the various minerals found under Paris, and another showing various skeletal deformities found during the catacombs' creation and renovation. He also added monumental tablets and archways bearing inscriptions (that some found of questionable taste) that were warnings, descriptions or "poetic light" about the nature of the ossuary, and, for the safety of eventual visitors, it was walled from the rest of the Paris Left Bank already-extensive underground tunnel network.

			== Visitation avec les morts: Touring the Catacombs ==
			The Catacombs of Paris became a "curiosity" for more privileged Parisians from their creation, the first known visitor of note being the Count of Artois (later France's King Charles X) in 1787, but the first known public visits only began after its renovation into a proper ossuary and the 1814 – 1815 war. First allowed only a few times a year with the permission of an authorized Mines inspector, then frequently in visits led by any mine overseer, a flow of often unscrupulous visitors degraded the ossuary to a point where the permission-only rule was restored from 1830, and the catacombs were closed completely from 1833 because of church opposition to exposing "sacred human bones" to public display. Open again for four visits a year from 1850, public demand moved the government to allow monthly visits from 1867, bi-weekly visits on the first and third Saturday of each month from 1874 (with an extra opening for the November 1 toussaint holiday), and weekly visits during the 1878, 1889 (the most visitors yet that year) and 1900 World's Fair Expositions. Later they opened to regular daily visits. Following an incident of vandalism, the Catacombs were closed to the public in September 2009 and reopened on 19 December of the same year.

			The entry to the catacombs is in the western pavilion of the former Barrière d'Enfer city gate. After descending a narrow spiral stone stairwell of 19 meters to the darkness and silence broken only by the gurgling of a hidden aqueduct channeling local springs away from the area, and after passing through a long (about 1.5 km) and twisting hallway of mortared stone, visitors find themselves before a sculpture that existed from a time before this part of the mines became an ossuary, a model of France's Port-Mahon fortress created by a former Quarry Inspector. Soon after, they find themselves before a stone portal, the ossuary entry, with the inscription Arrête! C'est ici l'empire de la Mort ("Stop! This is the Empire of the Dead").

			Beyond begin the halls and caverns of walls of carefully arranged bones. Some of the arrangements are almost artistic in nature, such as a heart-shaped outline in one wall formed with skulls embedded in surrounding tibias; another is a round room whose central pillar is also a carefully created "keg" bone arrangement. Along the way one would find other "monuments" created in the years before catacomb renovations, such as a source-gathering fountain baptised "La Samaritaine" because of later-added engravings. There are also rusty gates blocking passages leading to other "unvisitable" parts of the catacombs – many of these are either un-renovated or were too un-navigable for regular tours.

	== The Entrance ==		== The Entrance ==

Bruce: /* Le Mars des Morts: The Ossuary is Established */

2016-06-14T19:53:01Z

Le Mars des Morts: The Ossuary is Established

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:53, 14 June 2016
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	Cemeteries whose remains were moved to the Catacombs include Saints-Innocents (the largest by far with about 2 million buried over 600 years of operation), Saint-Étienne-des-Grès (one of the oldest), Madeleine Cemetery, Errancis Cemetery (used for the victims of the French Revolution), and Notre-Dame-des-Blancs-Manteaux.		Cemeteries whose remains were moved to the Catacombs include Saints-Innocents (the largest by far with about 2 million buried over 600 years of operation), Saint-Étienne-des-Grès (one of the oldest), Madeleine Cemetery, Errancis Cemetery (used for the victims of the French Revolution), and Notre-Dame-des-Blancs-Manteaux.

			== Pour réorganiser les os: The Renovations of 1810 ==
			The catacombs in their first years were an unorganised bone repository, but Louis-Étienne Héricart de Thury, head of the Paris Mine Inspection Service from 1810, undertook renovations that would transform the underground caverns into a visitable mausoleum. In addition to directing the stacking of skulls and femurs into the patterns seen in the catacombs today, he used the cemetery decorations he could find (formerly stored on the Tombe-Issoire property, many had disappeared following the 1789 Revolution) to complement the walls of bones. Also created were a room dedicated to the display of the various minerals found under Paris, and another showing various skeletal deformities found during the catacombs' creation and renovation. He also added monumental tablets and archways bearing inscriptions (that some found of questionable taste) that were warnings, descriptions or "poetic light" about the nature of the ossuary, and, for the safety of eventual visitors, it was walled from the rest of the Paris Left Bank already-extensive underground tunnel network.

	== The Entrance ==		== The Entrance ==

Bruce: /* The Entrance */

2016-06-14T19:46:23Z

The Entrance

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:46, 14 June 2016
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	<br>		<br>
	<br>		<br>





			== Cataphiles ==
			=== Definition ===
			Cataphiles are urban explorers who illegally tour the Mines of Paris, a term popularly used to describe a series of underground tunnels that were built as a network of stone mines, which are no longer used. The Catacombs of Paris comprise a subset of this network.

			=== Unauthorized Visitors ===
			Entrance to the catacombs is restricted. The portion of the catacombs open to the public is only a small part of an extensive network of underground tunnels, which spans around 280 kilometres (170 mi) in length. The tunnel system is complex, and though some tunnels have plaques indicating the name of the street above, it is easy to get lost. Some passages are low or narrow, and others are partially flooded. There are aging telephone wires, pipes, and other impedimenta that can hinder progress, and cave-ins, although rare, do occasionally occur. A good guide is indispensable, and many guides occasionally refer to a map. Because of these dangers, accessing the catacombs without official escort has been illegal since 2 November 1955. There is a €60 fine for people caught by the E.R.I.C - the special police who patrol the catacombs.

			Secret entrances exist throughout Paris, and it is sometimes possible to enter the catacombs via the sewers, metro, and certain manholes.

			Some unofficial visitors hold keys to certain official entrances. On rare occasions people use these access points and illegally enter the catacombs — for example, to meet clandestinely, to hold unusual parties, or simply as urban explorers.

			In September 2004, the French police discovered an underground movie theater run by the les UX — a French artistic movement that seeks to convey their ideas using underground places.

			Cataphiles often descend for a day, a night, or perhaps a week to explore, photograph, paint murals, create maps, clean up rooms, and dig chatières (ventilation channels).

			=== Pop Chic ===
			Cataphiles (such Renny MacLeod, who has tattooed the Catacombs of Paris on his body), cataflics, the underground movie theater, the disarticulated skeletons, and the Paris Catacombs' history of collapses and instability are major plot points in James Rollins' Sigma Force novel 6.5, The Skeleton Key (2010).

			=== Cataflics: A Subterranean Movie Theater ===

			=== E.R.I.C: The Tomb Cops ===

			=== Websites ===


			http://www.catasphere.fr/ -- Paris by Night

Bruce: /* Cataphiles */

2016-06-14T19:46:10Z

Cataphiles

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:46, 14 June 2016
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	~~== Cataphiles ==~~
	~~=== Definition ===~~
	Cataphiles are urban explorers who illegally tour the Mines of Paris, a term popularly used to describe a series of underground tunnels that were built as a network of stone mines, which are no longer used. The Catacombs of Paris comprise a subset of this network.

	~~=== Unauthorized Visitors ===~~
	Entrance to the catacombs is restricted. The portion of the catacombs open to the public is only a small part of an extensive network of underground tunnels, which spans around 280 kilometres (170 mi) in length. The tunnel system is complex, and though some tunnels have plaques indicating the name of the street above, it is easy to get lost. Some passages are low or narrow, and others are partially flooded. There are aging telephone wires, pipes, and other impedimenta that can hinder progress, and cave-ins, although rare, do occasionally occur. A good guide is indispensable, and many guides occasionally refer to a map. Because of these dangers, accessing the catacombs without official escort has been illegal since 2 November 1955. There is a €60 fine for people caught by the E.R.I.C - the special police who patrol the catacombs.

	~~Secret entrances exist throughout Paris, and it is sometimes possible to enter the catacombs via the sewers, metro, and certain manholes.~~

	Some unofficial visitors hold keys to certain official entrances. On rare occasions people use these access points and illegally enter the catacombs — for example, to meet clandestinely, to hold unusual parties, or simply as urban explorers.

	~~In September 2004, the French police discovered an underground movie theater run by the les UX — a French artistic movement that seeks to convey their ideas using underground places.~~

	~~Cataphiles often descend for a day, a night, or perhaps a week to explore, photograph, paint murals, create maps, clean up rooms, and dig chatières (ventilation channels).~~

	~~=== Pop Chic ===~~
	Cataphiles (such Renny MacLeod, who has tattooed the Catacombs of Paris on his body), cataflics, the underground movie theater, the disarticulated skeletons, and the Paris Catacombs' history of collapses and instability are major plot points in James Rollins' Sigma Force novel 6.5, The Skeleton Key (2010).

	~~=== Cataflics: A Subterranean Movie Theater ===~~

	~~=== E.R.I.C: The Tomb Cops ===~~

	~~=== Websites ===~~


	~~http://www.catasphere.fr/ -- Paris by Night~~

	== Une histoire des Os: The Birth of the Ossuaries ==		== Une histoire des Os: The Birth of the Ossuaries ==